鯤Kun

人生一回，自在逍遙，順勢而起，小大無憂。 （圖片：手寫文字）

一直以來，我很喜歡蔣勳老師的文筆以及其對事物的觀點與看法，當然還有老師的聲音。

過去是從蔣勳的書-孤獨六講，開始認識到他。

在Covid-19疫情期間，也聽著他的演講以及有聲書，一路保持著身心的平和寧靜。

之後更喜歡上了莊子內篇 ‧ 逍遙遊。 （圖片：手繪浩瀚山水圖）

北冥有魚，其名為鯤。鯤之大，不知其幾千里也。化而為鳥，其名為鵬。鵬之背，不知其幾千里也；怒而飛，其翼若垂天之雲。是鳥也，海運則將徙於南冥。南冥者，天池也。

In the Northern Darkness there is a fish, his name is Kun. Kun is so big that I don't know how many thousands of li long he is. He changes into a bird, named Peng. Peng's back is I don't know how many thousand li wide. When he takes off, his wings seem to cover the clouds. When the currents move, then this bird takes off for the Southern Darkness, to the Heavenly Pond. 【語譯】

北海有條魚，牠的名字叫作鯤。鯤之巨大，不知道有幾千里。當化成為鳥時，牠的名字叫作鵬。鵬的背，不知道有幾千里；奮力而飛時，牠的翅膀就像垂掛在天邊的雲。這鵬鳥，當大海運起風時就遷徙到南海。那南海，是天然渾成的大池。

齊諧者，志怪者也。諧之言曰：「鵬之徙於南冥也，水擊三千里，摶扶搖而上者九萬里，去以六月息者也。」野馬也，塵埃也，生物之以息相吹也。天之蒼蒼，其正色邪？其遠而無所至極邪？其視下也，亦若是則已矣。

The Universal Harmony records various amazing things, and about Peng, it says: “When Peng takes off for the Southern Darkness, after roiling the seas for three thousand li, as he ascends ninety thousand li, availing himself to the early summer winds, his flapping causes typhoons. The dust flies about and living creatures are blown about amongst each other.” Is the blueness of heaven its real color? Or does it look like that just because it is so far off? When Peng looks down, it's the same way.

【語譯】

《齊諧》是本專門記載怪事的書。這書上說：「鵬鳥遷徙往南海時，會從海面擊起水花達三千里，拍打著旋風直上九萬里高，是乘著六月長風而去的。」像野馬的遊氣，飛揚的塵埃，還有那所有活動的生物，無一不借著大自然氣息而相吹動。天色蒼茫，那是天的本色嗎？天的高遠是沒有極盡的嗎？大鵬往下看時，大概也是如此吧。

（圖片：鯤與鵬）

且夫水之積也不厚，則其負大舟也無力。覆杯水於坳堂之上，則芥為之舟；置杯焉則膠，水淺而舟大也。風之積也不厚，則其負大翼也無力。故九萬里，則風斯在下矣，而後乃今培風，背負青天而莫之夭閼者，而後乃今將圖南。

Now, if you don't pile up water deeply enough, it won't have enough strength to carry a large boat. If you pour the water out of a cup into a depression in the floor, then little bits of trash become boats. If you place the cup in that water, it will stick, since the water is shallow and the boat is large. So, if the wind is not piled up deeply enough, then it doesn't have the strength to support the great wings of Peng. Therefore when Peng flies up ninety-thousand li, he needs to have the wind under him like this. Only after this, when the wind is piled up, can he ride on the blue sky with nothing to stop him, after which he aims for the south.

【語譯】且說水若聚積不深厚，那麼就沒有足夠的力量可以負載大船。倒一杯水在堂前的低窪處，那麼一根小草可當作船；放上一個杯子就膠著不動了，這是水淺船大的緣故。如果積風不夠厚遠，那麼就沒力量承負巨大的鵬翼。所以要飛九萬里，那積風就得在鵬的下面，然後才能乘著風力，背負著青天而無所阻礙，而後才準備飛往南海。

蜩與學鳩笑之曰：「我決起而飛，搶榆枋，時則不至而控於地而已矣，奚以之九萬里而南為？」適莽蒼者，三飡而反，腹猶果然；適百里者，宿舂糧；適千里者，三月聚糧。之二蟲又何知？

The Cicada and Little Dove laugh, saying: “I set my mind on leaping up and flying, jumping from the elm tree to the sandalwood, but always end up not getting there, and fall back to the ground. How can he fly 90,000 li to the south?” Someone who takes a day trip to the local meadow has three meals and comes back home with his stomach still full. Someone who is going to travel one hundred li grinds his grain the night before. If you are going a thousand li, you need three months to gather provisions. What do these two little creatures know?

【語譯】蟬和斑鳩譏笑大鵬說：「我奮力起飛，遇到榆樹和檀樹就停下來，有時飛不到，投落地面就是了，何必飛上九萬里往南去呢？」到郊外去的，只帶著三餐而當天就回來，肚子還飽飽的；到百里遠的地方去，要舂米準備一夜的糧食；到千里遠的地方去，就得準備三個月的糧食。這兩隻蟲又如何知道呢！

（圖片：蟬與斑鳩）

小知不及大知，小年不及大年。奚以知其然也？朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋，此小年也。楚之南有冥靈者，以五百歲為春，五百歲為秋；上古有大椿者，以八千歲為春，八千歲為秋。此大年也。而彭祖乃今以久特聞，眾人匹之，不亦悲乎！

Small understanding can't match great understanding; the short-lived cannot match the long-lived. How do we know this? The Morning Mushroom knows nothing of the dawn and twilight. The Summer Cicada knows nothing of the spring and fall. They are the short-lived. In the south of Chu there is the Mingling which counts five hundred years as its spring, and five hundred years as its fall. In great antiquity there was a great Camelia, which counted eight thousand years as its spring, and eight thousand years as its fall. And nowadays, Ancestor Peng is known for his longevity, and everyone tries to follow him. Isn't it a shame?

【語譯】

小智比不上大智，壽命短比不上壽命長的。如何知道是這樣呢？朝菌白天就死不知道有夜晚，寒蟬春生夏死夏生秋死不知道有春秋季節，這就是小年。楚國南方有一隻靈龜，以五百年為一春季，五百年為一秋季；上古時代有一顆大椿樹，以八千年為一春季，八千年為一秋季，這就是大年。而彭祖到現在仍以長壽聞名，眾人都想跟他比，豈不是悲哀嘛！

湯之問棘也是已。湯問棘曰：「上下四方有極乎？」棘曰：「無極之外，復無極也。窮髮之北有冥海者，天池也。有魚焉，其廣數千里，未有知其修者，其名為鯤。

Tang's questions to Ji were about none other than this. In the extremely barren north, there is a dark sea, which is the Heavenly Pond. There is a fish there, which is several thousand li in breadth, and I don't know how long. It's name is Kun.

【語譯】

湯問棘也有這樣的話。湯問棘說：「上下四方有極限嗎？」棘說：「無極之外還是無極。草木不生的北方有一大海，就是天然的大池。大池裏有一條魚，牠的體寬好幾千里，沒有人知道究竟有多長，牠的名字叫作鯤。

（圖片：鯤）

有鳥焉，其名為鵬，背若太山，翼若垂天之雲，摶扶搖羊角而上者九萬里，絕雲氣，負青天，然後圖南，且適南冥也。

There is a bird, whose name is Peng, whose back is as huge as Mt. Tai. His wings cover the sky like the clouds, and when he beats his wings [the winds] turn into a cyclone like the horns of a ram, as he ascends ninety-thousand li. Cutting through the clouds and mist, he carries the blue sky, after which he sets his sights for the south, journeying all the way to the Southern Darkness.

【語譯】

還有一鳥，牠的名字叫作鵬，鵬的背像泰山，翅膀像垂掛在天邊的雲，乘著炫風直上九萬里的高空，沖出雲氣，背負青天，然後向南飛去。

（圖片：鵬）

斥鴳笑之曰：『彼且奚適也？我騰躍而上，不過數仞而下，翱翔蓬蒿之間，此亦飛之至也，而彼且奚適也？』」此小大之辯也。

The little quail laughs, saying: “How can he do such a thing? I jump up and fly several meters and then fall down flopping and flailing in the midst of the weeds and brambles. And that's the most one can fly anyhow. Where does he think he is going?” This is the difference between the great and the small.

【語譯】

住在小澤中的鴳雀譏笑牠說：『牠要到哪兒去呢？我騰躍而上，不過幾仞就落下來，在蓬蒿之間翱翔著，這不也是盡了飛躍的能事嘛。而牠到底要飛到哪裏去啊？』」這就是小和大的分別。

故夫知效一官，行比一鄉，德合一君而徵一國者，其自視也亦若此矣。而宋榮子猶然笑之。且舉世而譽之而不加勸，舉世而非之而不加沮，定乎內外之分，辯乎榮辱之境，斯已矣。彼其於世未數數然也。雖然，猶有未樹也。

Hence we know that the intelligence sufficient for a single office, the behavior appropriate [to lead] a single village, the merit matching that of a local ruler, or the judgment of running the entire country are still nothing more than one's own point of view, and are thus like this little bird (i.e., each thinks his knowledge is sufficient). ) Yet Rongzi of the Song has a good laugh over it. Furthermore, if the whole world praised him it was no special encouragement, and if the whole world criticized him, he was not especially discouraged. Here, he determined the divisions of inner and outer, and distinguished between glory and disgrace. He did not fret about [his place in] the world; yet, he was still not perfect.

【語譯】

所以有些人的才智可以為一官，行為可以庇護一鄉，德性可以符合一君，而受一國信任的人，他就自鳴得意的也像小澤中的鴳雀般。而宋榮子不禁嗤笑他們。宋榮子全世界都誇讚他也不會特別勤奮，全世界都非議他也不會感到沮喪，他能認定內外的分際，辨別榮辱的界限，就是如此吧。他在這世上並未汲汲去追求。雖然如此，他還是有未曾樹立到的。

夫列子御風而行，泠然善也，旬有五日而後反。彼於致福者，未數數然也。此雖免乎行，猶有所待者也。若夫乘天地之正，而御六氣之辯，以遊無窮者，彼且惡乎待哉！故曰：至人無己，神人無功，聖人無名。

Now Liezi took off riding the wind, cool and skillful, coming back two weeks later — he was not concerned over gaining fortune. Even though he could avoid walking, there were still things for which he had to wait. But if one rides on the normal processes of heaven and earth, and directs the distinction of the six vapors31in order to course in the limitless, what is there to wait for? Hence it is said: “In the perfected man there is no selfishness; in the spiritual man, no accomplishment; in the holy man, no [concern for] reputation.”

【語譯】

再說列子駕御風而行，飄然輕鬆，十五天後而回來。他對於完善的事，並沒有汲汲去追求。這樣雖然可以免於步行，但還是有所依待。

若說能順著萬物的天性，駕御六氣的變化，以遊於無窮的境界，他又有什麼好依待的呢！

所以說，至人無己，神人無功，聖人無名。

（圖片：鯤鵬）